Madalyn murray o'hair net worth. Date published: Apr 17, 1978. Madalyn murray o'hair net worth

 
 Date published: Apr 17, 1978Madalyn murray o'hair net worth In it you can see how she yells at her staff to stop interrupting the interview

Lawrence Wright's Saints and Sinners are Jimmy Swaggart, who preached a hellfire gospel with rock 'n' roll abandon before he was caught with a, prostitute in a seedy motel; Anton LaVey, the kitsch-loving, gleefully fraudulent founder of the First Church of Satan; Madalyn Murray O'Hair, whose litigious atheism sometimes resembled a brand. This drama follows the controversial life of outspoken atheist Madalyn Murray O'Hair, from her landmark court battles to her infamous abduction. Court: United States District Court, W. She was the founder of American Atheists and, either openly or behind the. Teams of excavators and law enforcement personnel comb a site near Camp Wood, Texas, searching for the possible remains of Madalyn Murray O'Hair, her son and granddaughter on Jan. Danny Raymond Fry (1953-October 1995) was a formerly unidentified man whose torso was pulled from the Trinity River in Dallas, Texas. Murder Victim. But it's been worth it. If the measure of the worth of man is submission to the will of god, fall on your faces, you motherfuckers. Anybody can do anything they damn well please as long as the relationship isnt exploitive. Many people criticized her and called her "the most hated. His first guest was atheist activist Madalyn Murray O’Hair. , in the 1960s and vanished in 1995, left behind a stack of diaries that will be sold in January to. Curlett, in which the US Supreme Court ruled in her favor, outlawing forced prayer and Bible reading in the public schools of. So, how much is Madalyn Murray-O'Hair worth at the age of 76 years old? Madalyn Murray-O'Hair’s income source is mostly from being a successful Actor. Supreme Court, in a 1963 decision, to ban organized prayer in public schools. He was murdered for his faithfulness. Bible, she is remembered for founding. Madalyn Murray O'Hair (April 13, 1919 – September 29, 1995) [1] was an American atheist activist. Madalyn Murray O'Hair (née Mays) born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. With Charlie Boy, Donna Cowling, Phil Donahue, Don Friend. wikipedia. O'Hair, a large, energetic woman with a talent for dominating talk shows as well as atheist meetings, distributes a radio series and a monthly magazine from her million‐dollar building in. All his life she had talked down to him and made fun of him and now, in his mind, he would show her his worth by single-handedly rescuing her. Sowing the Seeds of Atheism. Madalyn Murray O'Hair's estimated Net Worth, Salary, Income, Cars, Lifestyles & much more details has been updated below. Murder Victim. 665 dólares a la Asociación de Laicos Unidos de América, así como a los herederos de Madalyn Murray O'Hair, Jon Garth Murray y Robin Murray-O'Hair. Madalyn Murray O’Hair was such a controversial figure that in 1964 Life magazine called her “the most hated woman in America. net. The sun was shining through a diesel haze and the flower pattern of her oversized cotton-poly. all of it tax-exempt -- is worth upwards of 80 billion dollars. According to Wikipedia Forbes IMDb Various Online resources famous Activist Madalyn Murray OHairs net worth is 1-5. "The $612,000 shown as a decrease in net assets or fund balance represents the value of the United Secularists of America's assets believed to be in the. Sparrow knew a seven-year-old 300 SEL in good condition was worth. Yeah, no afterlife=atheism. Pollen, mold spores, pet dander, grasses. When David Travis arrived for work on Aug. Supreme Court. Bible, she is remembered for founding and. Sentencing is scheduled for July 30. In the '80s, while Madalyn Murray O'Hair partied in Hollywood and wrote speeches for porn publisher Larry Flynt, more and more people returned to church. , Nov. Well. Dark Brown. Fry was involved in the 1995 kidnappings and murders of Madalyn Murray O'Hair, her son, and granddaughter. P O Box 140195, Austin, TX 78714-0195. At the age of 46, Madalyn married Richard O’Hair and became forevermore known at Madalyn Murray O’Hair—the poster-child of atheism in America during the 1960s, 70s, and 80s. 2. When you die, you go in the ground, the worms eat you. 17) who was once stigmatized as “The Most Hated Woman in America” (pp. Madalyn Murray O'Hair (tên khai sinh Madalyn Mays; 13 tháng 4 năm 1919 - 29 tháng 9 năm 1995) là một nhà hoạt động người Mỹ ủng hộ chủ nghĩa vô thần và tách biệt nhà thờ ra khỏi nhà nước. He told the audience of Madalyn Murray O’Hair, an outspoken atheist and controversial public figure whose case, Murray v. Relatively few people knew anything about Madalyn Murray the first 40 years of her life. In the fall of 1995, 76-year-old Madalyn Murray O’Hair – a. Madalyn Murray O'hair Timeline Fri. According to Wikipedia, Forbes, IMDb & Various Online resources, famous Activist Madalyn Murray. Madalyn Murray O'Hair called herself "the most hated woman in America. Madalyn Murray O'Hair. Abington School District V Schempp;. Madalyn Murray O'Hair was a prominent figure in the American Atheist movement, having founded the non-profit organization American. She was a militant feminist activist, well known as the American atheist activist, founder of American Atheists, and the organization's president from 1963 to 1986. S. There’s an undeniable wealth of storytelling to be culled from the life of Madalyn Murray O’Hair, a talk show regular and fighter for religious freedom who was kidnapped in the ‘90s and held for ransom. Madalyn Murray O'Hair and her granddaughter Robin relaxing in Virginia in August 1995, shortly before they disappeared. , appears on a radio talk show in Dallas on Feb. 1. She was voted "Most Hated Woman in America" by Life Magazine in 1964. Eye Color. On March 16th it was published in the newspapers that the bodies uncovered on a 5,000-acre ranch in Camp Wood, Texas (about 125 miles west of San Antonio), belonged to Madalyn Murray O'Hair, her son, Jon Garth Murray, and her granddaughter, Robin M. Madalyn Murray O'Hair (née Mays) born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The decision made. Travis and the other employees expected Madalyn, Jon and Robin to abscond to the South Seas at any moment. "Now, looking back at the damage that was done . She also lived in Austin for about. She met a gruesome end, but how did Madalyn Murray O'Hair die? The atheist activist was kidnapped, murdered, and dismembered in 1995. LIST PRICE $13. When David Travis arrived for work on Aug. Madalyn Murray O'Hair; Usage on it. S. Relationship of Phil Donahue. He was seen as one of the most successful activist of all times. Discover Madalyn Murray O'Hair Net Worth, Salary, Biography, Height, Dating, Wiki. Curlett, which led the U. Full title: Madalyn Murray O'HAIR et al. Murray, the only surviving son of American Atheists founder Madalyn Murray O'Hair, has said that the new Netflix film about his mother is full of errors, omissions and distortions. Waters and three other men ''executed the scheme to abduct, kidnap and murder Madalyn Murray O'Hair. She is best remembered for her 1963 landmark case Murray v. The decision made Madalyn Murray O’Hair by far the. Madalyn Murray O’Hair is a famous Activist. Soon, a search was underway to find the family. (AP) David Roland Waters. print. O’Hair’s organization, the American Atheists, received phone calls from the trio until September 28, 1995. Madalyn Murray O’Hair, of Austin, Texas, and head of the Society of Separationists and the American Atheist Corp. Eventually, the FBI, IRS, and police realized that the Waters, a family where O’Hair had been accused of murdering a teenager, kidnapped the trio. In it you can see how she yells at her staff to stop interrupting the interview. Curlett, in which the US Supreme Court ruled in her favor, outlawing forced prayer and Bible reading in the public schools of. She created the first issues of American Atheist Magazine. —c-s. Five years went by before a determined reporter would unravel the mystery of her disappearance. It would be this moment that Madalyn Murray O’Hair came to be known as the most hated woman in America. I admit being misled," said William Joseph Murray, son of strident atheist Madalyn Murray O'Hair. Madalyn Murray O'Hair (April 13, 1919 – September 29, 1995) [1] was an American atheist activist. Ten years after her disappearance in 1995, Madalyn Murray O’Hair still influences atheists in America today. , he knew something was wrong: The. Share on Social Media. There are no angels. Famous atheist Madalyn Murray-O'Hair disappears along with her son and granddaughter. Madalyn Murray O'Hair was born Madalyn Evalyn May on April 13, 1919, in Beechview, a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The unlikely duo toured 38 cities debating the existence of God. If you’re interested in learning more about Madalyn Murray O'Hair’s life and. Madalyn Murray O'Hair (13 de abril de 1919 - 29 de setembro de 1995) [1] foi uma advogada e ativista ateísta americana; uma das fundadoras da American Atheists e sua presidente de 1963-1986. Known pseudonymously as M. Madalyn Murray O'Hair and her granddaughter Robin relaxing in Virginia in August 1995, shortly before they disappeared. The two could not be more polar opposite people. Madalyn Murray O'Hair was ironically born on April 13, 1919 on Palm Sunday, a high holy day on the Church Calendar. deaths of Madalyn Murray O’Hair, Robin Murray O’Hair, and Danny Fry. O'Hair and two family members were abducted and murdered in 1995 in the course of a robbery. She became famous (or infamous, depending on your perspective) for her 1963 Supreme Court case, Murray v. When updating the article, be bold, but not reckless. The film was released on March 24, 2017, by Netflix . 45 kg. 3. Madalyn graduated high school from Rossford High School in Rossford, Ohio, and then went off to marry John Henry. Quickly this woman became the most loathed person in the country. Austin's Most Famous Atheist The life and death of Madalyn Murray O'Hair, The Most Hated Woman in America By Marc Savlov, Fri. O'Hair's father, John Irwin O'Hair, or "Pup" as O'Hair referred to him, was also from a. She holds a copy of the Bible in her office in this Dec. On the one hand, we shouldn't speak ill of. Living high on atheists' money, colleagues thought. They were later seen in San Antonio but dropped from sight along with about $500,000 worth of gold coins from one of O'Hair's atheist organizations. October 17, 2018 by Admin cloud We have done our research and today you can learn about Madalyn Murray O’Hair’s Estimated Net Worth, Age, Biography, Career, Height,. ]. Gary Paul Karr was found guilty of extortion charges related to the O'Hair case. The story was featured on an episode of A&E's American Justice. She created the first issues of American Atheist Magazine. What Jesus Would Say to Madalyn Murray OHair . An infamous First Amendment activist becomes the "most hated woman in America" then mysteriously disappears. He was widely considered to have done more than anyone else to raise the profile of American Atheists since its founder, Madalyn Murray O’Hair, started the organization in 1963. Best of 2022: Madalyn Murray O'Hair Pt. Madalyn Murray O'Hair Net Worth. The dismembered bodies of Madalyn Murray O’Hair, Jon Murray and Robin Murray were found in January of 2000 near Camp Wood, Texas. (Click to enlarge) This was a busy news day for San Antonio including a story about Madalyn Murray O’Hair ’s diary. . But if the map won't show you how to get from point A to point B, or if the roads aren't connected, the map is not worth very much. John Ford. Madalyn Murray O'Hair Net Worth. America's Most Hated Woman. "His. He wants disease conquered,poverty vanished, war. The Most Hated Woman in America. Prelude: The constitutionality of state-sponsored. org Madalyn Murray O'Hair; Usage on ml. by John W. On Sept. Jon takes delivery of $500,000 in gold coins from Ticknor. His latest book is a biography, "The Atheist," about Madalyn Murray O'Hair. It stars Melissa Leo as Madalyn Murray O'Hair . This text may be freely downloaded. David Roland Waters, center, was sentenced to 60 years in prison this month. com. The authorities say they believe that Ms. Meeting Satan Herself. 2. And such is the following Playboy interview to an old buddy of mine, the late American Atheist founder, Madalyn Murray O'Hair. Published Jan. Starring: Melissa Leo, Josh Lucas, Vincent Kartheiser. Son of atheist leader, Madalyn Murray O'Hair. Her mother, Lena Christina Scholle, was one of ten children, forced to work as a maid during her teen years to earn money for her family. By the time she was 26 years old, she was married and serving in the Women’s Army Corps during World War II. O'Hair, 77, and her son Jon Garth Murray, 40, and granddaughter Robin Murray O'Hair, 30, were killed and dismembered, and then buried on a 5,000-acre. Murder Victim, Activist. Curlet reached the U. Famous atheist Madalyn Murray-O'Hair disappears along with her son and granddaughter. Madalyn Murray O'Hair is a well-known Activist who was born on April 13, 1919 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Texas. 5 lbs Boyfriend / Spouse Madalyn Murray O’Hair dated – John Roths – She got married to a steelworker named John Roths in the year 1941 and the. It could very well have been called “The Most Wicked Woman in America. Madalyn Murray O'Hair/CNN CROSSFIRE 1983Madalyn Murray O'Hair took her Atheist views all the way to the Supreme Court. He is the author of many books on American history and religion. Discover Madalyn murray o hair net worth, great pictures below. Schempp is usually cited as the case through which the. Madalyn Murray-O’Hair body. TIL: The concept of "Net Carbs,"was created by Atkins Nutritionals Inc. Want to more about Him? In this article, we covered Madalyn Murray OHair's net worth, wiki, bio, career, height, weight, pics, family, affairs, car, salary, age, facts, and other details in 2023. I’m not kiddin’ you. . Madalyn Murray O'Hair was born on April 13, 1919 in Pittsburgh, PA. Madalyn Murray O'Hair (April 13, 1919 – September 29, 1995) was an American activist supporting atheism and separation of church and state. The interview, made by Richard Tregaskis, took place in October 1965. ”. In the 1970’s, Bob met famed atheist Madalyn Murray O’Hair. The fear of hell is the basis for the Christian faith. The inside story of O'Hair's diaries is that atheism is faulty because it cannot be. Godless in America: Directed by Leslie Woodhead. has obviously relished. But I wouldn't mind a small corner of the outdoors where the sun can filter through the trees and lay a gentle hand on my face. Find a Grave Memorial ID: 7177589. Information about her net worth in 2023 is being updated as soon as possible by allfamous. . O’Hair died on September 29, 1995, after being kidnapped and murdered by David Waters. 72 kg or 158. He later engaged the audience in discussions, gaining good reviews, and began syndicating the show to 44 Midwestern cities by 1970. All of Madalyn Murray O’Hair’s Christmas decorations. 28, 1995 at the headquarters of American Atheists in Austin, Tex. On Sept. Martin, a special agent with the Internal Revenue Service, says Mr. He died in prison of liver disease in 2003. " Madalyn Murray O'Hair was one of the litigants in the case of Murray vs. The classic on this subject is the Madalyn Murray O’Hair thing. She created the first issues of American Atheist Magazine. . Photograph by. Beth Dubber/Netflix. 29, in 1995, atheist leader Madalyn Murray O'Hair was murdered in Texas during a botched extortion scheme. 29. When atheist Madalyn Murray O'Hair, her son, and granddaughter mysteriously disappeared from their Austin, Tex. . The two could not be more polar opposite people.  A decision by an 8-1 majority put a stop to official Bible reading in public schools, which angered people across the country. If you can improve it, please do. Madalyn Murray O'Hair was such a controversial figure that in 1964 Life magazine called her the most hated woman in America. A concerned citizen, name redacted, reported that Richard O’Hair, “claiming to be an F. She had earlier filed a lawsuit against her school board,. Jim Irwin, To Rule the Night (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publisher, 1982), 84. Find a Grave Memorial ID: 7177589. D. He died of prison of liver decease in 2003. The atheist activist was kidnapped, murdered, and dismembered. The dismembered bodies of Madalyn Murray O’Hair, Jon Murray and Robin Murray were found in January of 2000 near Camp Wood, Texas. This is the first book Madalyn Murray O'Hair ever wrote. A heavy read but well worth it. 1963 Supreme Court decision removing prayer from public schools. Madalyn Murray O'Hair, who founded the nation's leading atheist group, American Atheists Inc. Madalyn Murray O'Hair — ‘Two hands working can do more than a thousand clasped in prayer. Discover Madalyn. Starring: Melissa Leo, Josh Lucas, Vincent Kartheiser. Feb. She is best known for the lawsuit, Murray v. He was the half. or a fish caught in a net. When atheist Madalyn Murray O'Hair, her son, and granddaughter mysteriously disappeared from their Austin, Tex. One of the killers, David Waters, led the authorities to the site in return for a guarantee he would serve his time in a Federal rather than in a Texas state prison. But the case was dismissed, and the U. . In 1964, Madalyn Murray O’Hair appeared in Life magazine, her infamy warranting a headline branding her “ The Most Hated Woman in America . She is from Pennsylvania. Madalyn Murray-O’Hair was created on Apr 13, 1919 in Beechview, Pa, USA as Madalyn Mays. ET. 1919 April 13, 1919. Madalyn Murray O’Hair was labeled “America’s Most Hated Woman” in 1964 by Life magazine. The suit was promptly thrown out and that was that. He disappeared in 1995 and his dismembered remains were found on a ranch in Texas, in January 2001, along with his mother, and Robin Murray O'Hair's. One of her sons, Jon Garth Murray, was the president of the organization from 1986 to 1995, while she remained de facto president. p. Worth a read but not comprehensive. So, how much is Madalyn Murray O'Hair worth at the age of 76 years old? Madalyn Murray O'Hair’s income source is mostly from being a successful activist. Did they choose to move to New Zealand or were they the victims of foul play?Madalyn Murray O'Hair (April 13, 1919 – September 29, 1995) was an American activist supporting atheism and separation of church and state. Tweet. Netflix’s Madalyn Murray O’Hair biopic explores the divisive legacy of one of the country's most influential atheists. Texas officials were able to implicate Waters, along with two accomplices Gary Karr and Danny Fry, for the crime. In August 1995, at age 76, she mysteriously disappeared, along with two of her family members, son Jon Garth Murray, 40, and. Supp. The Most Hated Woman in America. The Government brief indicates that the plaintiff, now Mrs. He was the second son of Madalyn Murray O'Hair, an activist who founded American Atheists in 1963 and served as its first president. I. The Most Hated Woman in America. Madalyn Murray O'Hair; Usage on es. Founded in 1963 by Madalyn Murray O’Hair, American Atheists has been fighting to protect the absolute separation of religion from government for over 50 years. In yet another stroke of irony, O. police discovered that Garth had ordered $600,000 worth of gold coins from a San Antonio jeweler. She created the first issues of American Atheist Magazine. There were three deaths, Madalyn, her second son, Jon Garth. O’Hair’s organization, the American Atheists, received phone calls from the trio until September. Madalyn Murray O'Hair was born Madalyn Evalyn May on April 13, 1919, in Beechview, a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The dismembered bodies of Madalyn Murray O’Hair, Jon Murray and Robin Murray were found in January of 2000 in Camp Wood, Texas. ”. También se le ordenó indemnizar con 543. So, how much is Madalyn Murray-O'Hair worth at the age of 76 years old? Madalyn Murray-O'Hair’s income. She was catapulted to national recognition in 1960 after filing a lawsuit to stop Bible reading in public schools. On this day, Sept. He is beyond human forgiveness. The Most Hated Woman in America. In 1963, the 1 dollar bill changed from being a Silver Certificate to a Federal Reserve Note with the Federal Reserve Note having on the back side, In God We Trust. Madalyn Murray O'Hair was an outspoken advocate of atheism and the founder of the organization American Atheists who gained notoriety when she sued Baltimore public schools for requiring students. Madalyn Murray O'Hair. Madalyn Murray O'Hair (April 13, 1919 September 29, 1995) was an American atheist. wikipedia. wikipedia. The inside story of O'Hair's diaries is that atheism is faulty because it cannot be. The authorities then went in search of. Murray III, 43, the eldest of Madalyn O'Hair's two sons, is brutally frank when it comes to the woman who raised him. The true story behind the San Antonio kidnapping & murder of ‘The Most Hated Woman in America’. O’Hair died on September 29, 1995, after being kidnapped and murdered by David Waters. . by Lona Manning. In 1963 she founded American Atheists and served as its president until 1986, after which her son Jon Garth Murray succeeded her. Netflix has released a docudrama on the founder of American Atheists, Madalyn Murray O’Hair, titled “The Most Hated Woman in America. According to the 1964 issue of Life magazine, Madalyn Murray-O'Hair was at one time the most hated woman in America. In August 1995, at age 76, she mysteriously disappeared, along with two of her family members, son Jon Garth Murray, 40, and. She was the founder of American Atheists and, either openly or behind-the-scenes, was its President for 32 years from 1963 to 1995. Editor’s Note: Just as your local librarian does not necessarily agree with every book in your local library, so too the Internet Infidels do not necessarily agree with every essay in our library. September 29, 1995 (1995-09-29) (aged 76) (1995-09-29) Pennsylvania We recommend you to check the complete list of. O'HAIR v. 1. Madalyn Murray O'Hair : When I die I don't want some religious nut shoving a rosary up my ass or communion wafer down my throat. According to a December 1995 issue of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, the IRS seeks to recover $750,00 in back taxes from her son and. Madalyn Murray O'Hair Net Worth. I know that's a fantastic, unbelievable figure, but there's every reason to believe that it's. Jon Garth Murray (November 16, 1954 – September 29, 1995) served as president of American Atheists, a non-governmental organization that lobbied on the separation of church and state. in Madalyn O'Hair's case, records of a prosthetic hip from Brackenridge Hospital in. Birth of Madalyn Murray O'Hair. On September 22, 1995, Jon ordered $600,000 worth of gold coins from Cory’s Fine Jewelry and Rare Coins, a San Antonio jeweler. That may be true… though that description probably applies to a lot of 90-minute films “based on a true story. Popularly known as the activist of United States of America. So my life and the life of my family has been completely disrupted in absolutely every way. Origins In 1959, Madalyn filed suit on behalf of her son who was forced to attend Bible readings in his school and was the victim of harassment at the hands of school employees after he declined to participate. 28, 1995 a typewritten note appeared on the door of the American Atheist headquarters one morning before work. Madalyn was born on April 13, 1919 in Pittsburgh, PA. 3, 1969 file photo. 29. Pada 1963, ia mendirikan American Atheists dan menjabat sebagai presidennya sampai 1986, setelah itu putranya Jon Garth Murray menggantikannya. She is best known for the lawsuit Murray v. Yubin is a South Korean singer, songwriter, rapper, musician, businessperson, actor, and television personality who is the founder and CEO of. . 83. With Phil Donahue, John MacCormack, Tr Young, Ed Martin. 27, 2001. ) Previous Year's Net Worth (2020) $100,000 - $1 Million:Even now, her body burned to ash and smothered with dirt in an unmarked grave, Madalyn Murray O’Hair remains the stuff of bilious battle. Madlyn Murray O'Hair was a victim of her success. Madalyn Murray Ohair, Madalyn Murray O'Hair Madalyn Murry O'Hair (born 1919) was a staunch atheist who court cases brought down rulings from the Supreme Court that prayer… Hair Analysis, The scientific study of hair is called trichology and this field dates to the mid 1800s. Su lucha por la separación entre. Murray and Jon Garth Murray. O'Hair's father, John Irwin O'Hair, or "Pup" as O'Hair referred to him, was also from a. Madalyn Murray O'Hair was an American activist supporting atheism and separation of church and state. The affidavit alleges that the three men held Madalyn Murray O'Hair and Robin Murray-O'Hair against their will in a San Antonio motel throughout September 1995, and coerced Jon Murray into looting. And is Madalyn Murray O'Hair,. The Most Hated Woman in America. Wiki Bio of Madalyn Murray-O’Hair net worth is updated in 2023. The film was released on March 24, 2017, by Netflix . That same. Waters, the tough guy from Peoria who masterminded the kidnapping and murder of atheist Madalyn Murray O'Hair and her family in 1995, has died in a federal prison hospital. jjakle@express-news. "There is no God. Madalyn Murray O'Hair (April 13, 1919 – September 29, 1995) was an American atheist. We have estimated Madalyn Murray-O'Hair's net worth, money, salary, income, and assets. Jon Garth Murray has a net worth of $5. The news hook was Waters' role as evil mastermind of the infamous kidnapping and murder of Austin-based atheist leader Madalyn Murray O'Hair and two family members in 1995. O’Hair—a divisive, radical figure and founder of American Atheists. The trio have. Madalyn Murray O’Hair . Madalyn Murray O'Hair was born on April 13, 1919 in Pittsburgh, PA. Three words on my tombstone. 13 April 1919. TIL Madylyn Murray O'Hair, the Athiest activist who was responsible for prayer being removed from American public schools was, along with a son and granddaughter, murdered, dismembered, and buried on a Texas ranch in the 1990's after a kidnapping gone wrong. She is from Pennsylvania. The Atheist (Madalyn Murray O'Hair). Paine, 312 F.